Patron saints of disease represent an important and unique aspect of medical history and culture, which is important to acknowledge and preserve in contemporary scientific literature. This phenomenon was particularly prevalent within disadvantaged populations in Europe, who had little access to doctors or medicine. Patron saints to protect against disease and disability have been adopted throughout the Christian world since the Middle Ages. Their lives and legends provide valuable insight into an important historical aspect of medical culture. Over the centuries, patron saints have provided hope for patients in the absence of effective treatments, and as role models for physicians with few resources. Roch as patrons of upper and lower limb injuries, respectively. Damian as patrons of musculoskeletal oncology, and St. Alphonsus Liguori, patron saint of spinal conditions, suffered such a severe cervical kyphosis that his chin eroded his chest. Kostka, patron saint of broken bones who was the victim of his infamously cruel brother Paul. Ignatius, who pioneered deformity-correction surgery on himself and St. Seven patron saints associated with trauma and orthopaedic conditions were identified. Additional searches were performed in online academic databases, alongside biographic research of primary and secondary archives. Saints were identified by a systematic review of multiple reference texts. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe patron saints associated with injury, musculoskeletal disease and orthopaedic pathology. A patron saint most often has a morbid connection to their affiliated ailment, although patronage may stem from physical attributes or a miracle performed. Patron saints have been adopted to protect against disease and disability in the Christian world since the Middle Ages.
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